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Table of Contents | March 2009

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Expression of the VP16 promoter following zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus type 1.

Following infection of mice on the cornea, virus is transported through axons to the trigeminal ganglia, where it can travel through axons back to body surfaces (shown here as blue staining cells in the hair follicles of the mouse whisker pad). VP16 is normally expressed late and packaged into virions, where it initiates viral gene expression in the infected cell. Once latency is established in neurons, the stochastic derepression of VP16 is required to initiate viral reactivation (see Thompson et al.,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000352).

Image Credit: Nancy M. Sawtell, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Opinion

New Disturbing Trend in Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Negative Pathogens

Jung Hun Lee, Seok Hoon Jeong, Sun-Shin Cha, Sang Hee Lee

Review

Where Are All the Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Patients with Crohn's Disease?

Ellen S. Pierce

Research Articles

Genomic Evidence for the Evolution of Streptococcus equi: Host Restriction, Increased Virulence, and Genetic Exchange with Human Pathogens

Matthew T. G. Holden, Zoe Heather, Romain Paillot, Karen F. Steward, Katy Webb, Fern Ainslie, Thibaud Jourdan, Nathalie C. Bason, Nancy E. Holroyd, Karen Mungall, Michael A. Quail, Mandy Sanders, Mark Simmonds, David Willey, Karen Brooks, David M. Aanensen, Brian G. Spratt, Keith A. Jolley, Martin C. J. Maiden, Michael Kehoe, Neil Chanter, Stephen D. Bentley, Carl Robinson, Duncan J. Maskell, Julian Parkhill, Andrew S. Waller

An Amphipathic α-Helix Controls Multiple Roles of Brome Mosaic Virus Protein 1a in RNA Replication Complex Assembly and Function

Ling Liu, William M. Westler, Johan A. den Boon, Xiaofeng Wang, Arturo Diaz, H. Adam Steinberg, Paul Ahlquist

De Novo Synthesis of VP16 Coordinates the Exit from HSV Latency In Vivo

Richard L. Thompson, Chris M. Preston, Nancy M. Sawtell

β-Lactam Resistance Response Triggered by Inactivation of a Nonessential Penicillin-Binding Protein

Bartolomé Moya, Andreas Dötsch, Carlos Juan, Jesús Blázquez, Laura Zamorano, Susanne Haussler, Antonio Oliver

Assembly and Development of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Matrix

Luyan Ma, Matthew Conover, Haiping Lu, Matthew R. Parsek, Kenneth Bayles, Daniel J. Wozniak

Characterization of the Interferon-Producing Cell in Mice Infected with Listeria monocytogenes

Silvia Stockinger, Renate Kastner, Elisabeth Kernbauer, Andreas Pilz, Sandra Westermayer, Benjamin Reutterer, Didier Soulat, Gabriele Stengl, Claus Vogl, Theresa Frenz, Zoe Waibler, Tadatsugu Taniguchi, Thomas Rülicke, Ulrich Kalinke, Mathias Müller, Thomas Decker

Methylation-Dependent Binding of the Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1 Protein to Viral Promoters

Sarah J. Dickerson, Yongna Xing, Amanda R. Robinson, William T. Seaman, Henri Gruffat, Shannon C. Kenney

Seroepidemiology of Human Polyomaviruses

Jaime M. Kean, Suchitra Rao, Michael Wang, Robert L. Garcea

Activation of Host Translational Control Pathways by a Viral Developmental Switch

Carolina Arias, Derek Walsh, Jack Harbell, Angus C. Wilson, Ian Mohr

Reassessing the Role of APOBEC3G in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Quiescent CD4+ T-Cells

Masakazu Kamata, Yoshiko Nagaoka, Irvin S. Y. Chen

Wolbachia-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Is Associated with Impaired Histone Deposition in the Male Pronucleus

Frédéric Landmann, Guillermo A. Orsi, Benjamin Loppin, William Sullivan

Studies of a Ring-Cleaving Dioxygenase Illuminate the Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Katherine C. Yam, Igor D'Angelo, Rainer Kalscheuer, Haizhong Zhu, Jian-Xin Wang, Victor Snieckus, Lan H. Ly, Paul J. Converse, William R. Jacobs Jr., Natalie Strynadka, Lindsay D. Eltis

Gag Mutations Strongly Contribute to HIV-1 Resistance to Protease Inhibitors in Highly Drug-Experienced Patients besides Compensating for Fitness Loss

Elisabeth Dam, Romina Quercia, Bärbel Glass, Diane Descamps, Odile Launay, Xavier Duval, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, Allan J. Hance, François Clavel

Bim and Bmf Synergize To Induce Apoptosis in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection

Oliver Kepp, Kathleen Gottschalk, Yuri Churin, Krishnaraj Rajalingam, Volker Brinkmann, Nikolaus Machuy, Guido Kroemer, Thomas Rudel

Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Is Associated with Circulating Ultra-Large von Willebrand Multimers and ADAMTS13 Inhibition

Deirdre Larkin, Bas de Laat, P. Vince Jenkins, James Bunn, Alister G. Craig, Virginie Terraube, Roger J. S. Preston, Cynthia Donkor, George E. Grau, Jan A. van Mourik, James S. O'Donnell

Cross-Protective Potential of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody Directed against Antigenic Site B of the Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Viruses

Reiko Yoshida, Manabu Igarashi, Hiroichi Ozaki, Noriko Kishida, Daisuke Tomabechi, Hiroshi Kida, Kimihito Ito, Ayato Takada

Cholesterol-Dependent Anaplasma phagocytophilum Exploits the Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake Pathway

Qingming Xiong, Mingqun Lin, Yasuko Rikihisa

Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF45 Interacts with Kinesin-2 Transporting Viral Capsid-Tegument Complexes along Microtubules

Narayanan Sathish, Fan Xiu Zhu, Yan Yuan

Caspar Controls Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum in Diverse Anopheline Species

Lindsey S. Garver, Yuemei Dong, George Dimopoulos

Abnormal Brain Iron Homeostasis in Human and Animal Prion Disorders

Ajay Singh, Alfred Orina Isaac, Xiu Luo, Maradumane L. Mohan, Mark L. Cohen, Fusong Chen, Qingzhong Kong, Jason Bartz, Neena Singh

Natural Transformation of Helicobacter pylori Involves the Integration of Short DNA Fragments Interrupted by Gaps of Variable Size

Edward A. Lin, Xue-Song Zhang, Steven M. Levine, Steven R. Gill, Daniel Falush, Martin J. Blaser

The Tetraspanin Protein CD37 Regulates IgA Responses and Anti-Fungal Immunity

Annemiek B. van Spriel, Mariam Sofi, Kate H. Gartlan, Alie van der Schaaf, Ineke Verschueren, Ruurd Torensma, Reinier A. P. Raymakers, Bruce E. Loveland, Mihai G. Netea, Gosse J. Adema, Mark D. Wright, Carl G. Figdor

The Nucleocapsid Region of HIV-1 Gag Cooperates with the PTAP and LYPX_nL Late Domains to Recruit the Cellular Machinery Necessary for Viral Budding

Vincent Dussupt, Melodi P. Javid, Georges Abou-Jaoudé, Joshua A. Jadwin, Jason de La Cruz, Kunio Nagashima, Fadila Bouamr

Definition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Helper Activities for Adeno-Associated Virus Early Replication Events

Nathalie Alazard-Dany, Armel Nicolas, Aurélie Ploquin, Regina Strasser, Anna Greco, Alberto L. Epstein, Cornel Fraefel, Anna Salvetti

An Epstein-Barr Virus Anti-Apoptotic Protein Constitutively Expressed in Transformed Cells and Implicated in Burkitt Lymphomagenesis: The Wp/BHRF1 Link

Gemma L. Kelly, Heather M. Long, Julianna Stylianou, Wendy A. Thomas, Alison Leese, Andrew I. Bell, Georg W. Bornkamm, Josef Mautner, Alan B. Rickinson, Martin Rowe

Functional Analysis of the Leading Malaria Vaccine Candidate AMA-1 Reveals an Essential Role for the Cytoplasmic Domain in the Invasion Process

Moritz Treeck, Sonja Zacherl, Susann Herrmann, Ana Cabrera, Maya Kono, Nicole S. Struck, Klemens Engelberg, Silvia Haase, Friedrich Frischknecht, Kota Miura, Tobias Spielmann, Tim W. Gilberger

A Discontinuous RNA Platform Mediates RNA Virus Replication: Building an Integrated Model for RNA–based Regulation of Viral Processes

Baodong Wu, Judit Pogany, Hong Na, Beth L. Nicholson, Peter D. Nagy, K. Andrew White

KSHV Reactivation from Latency Requires Pim-1 and Pim-3 Kinases to Inactivate the Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen LANA

Fang Cheng, Magdalena Weidner-Glunde, Markku Varjosalo, Eeva-Marja Rainio, Anne Lehtonen, Thomas F. Schulz, Päivi J. Koskinen, Jussi Taipale, Päivi M. Ojala

The Adenylate Cyclase Toxins of Bacillus anthracis and Bordetella pertussis Promote Th2 Cell Development by Shaping T Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling

Silvia Rossi Paccani, Marisa Benagiano, Nagaja Capitani, Irene Zornetta, Daniel Ladant, Cesare Montecucco, Mario M. D'Elios, Cosima T. Baldari

A Chromosomally Encoded Virulence Factor Protects the Lyme Disease Pathogen against Host-Adaptive Immunity

Xiuli Yang, Adam S. Coleman, Juan Anguita, Utpal Pal

The SET Complex Acts as a Barrier to Autointegration of HIV-1

Nan Yan, Peter Cherepanov, Janet E. Daigle, Alan Engelman, Judy Lieberman

Identification of Rhoptry Trafficking Determinants and Evidence for a Novel Sorting Mechanism in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Dave Richard, Lev M. Kats, Christine Langer, Casilda G. Black, Khosse Mitri, Justin A. Boddey, Alan F. Cowman, Ross L. Coppel

RNA-Dependent Oligomerization of APOBEC3G Is Required for Restriction of HIV-1

Hendrik Huthoff, Flavia Autore, Sarah Gallois-Montbrun, Franca Fraternali, Michael H. Malim

Enhanced Fusion Pore Expansion Mediated by the Trans-Acting Endodomain of the Reovirus FAST Proteins

Deniz Top, Chris Barry, Trina Racine, Chelsey Louise Ellis, Roy Duncan

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